• On July 8, 1918, Ernest Hemingway was working as an ambulance driver for the American Red Cross while serving on the Italian front in World War I when he was struck by an Austrian mortar shell as he handed out chocolate to soldiers in a dugout.
• On July 9, 1993, British forensic scientists announced a positive identification of the remains of Russia’s last czar, Nicholas II, his wife, Czarina Alexandra, and three of their daughters. Mitochondrial DNA was used on the family’s bones, which had been excavated from a mass grave near Yekaterinburg two years earlier.
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